Florida Bankruptcy Lawyer Blog

Should I Sign A Reaffirmation Agreement Part II

Mon, 26 Jul 2010 09:32:56 -0500

In Part 1 of this article, I discussed the reasons you should NOT reaffirm a mortgage loan. The decision of whether or not to reaffirm a vehicle loan is more complex. While it is very rarely ever in anyone’s best interest to reaffirm a mortgage loan, it often may be in a Chapter 7 debtor’s best interest to reaffirm a vehicle loan. The main reason for this is that there is a pretty significant chance that your lender has the legal right to repossess your vehicle if you don’t sign a reaffirmation agreement – even if you keep current on all of your payments! If your loan documents specify that filing bankruptcy is itself an event of default (you will need to have an attorney review the documents in order to confirm this), then if you don’t sign a reaffirmation agreement, you are risking losing your vehicle. Now, most people rely heavily on their vehicles for their livelihood: to get them to and from work, to get their kids to and from school, grocery shopping, etc. Not many people are willing to risk losing their vehicle, however small or large that risk may be. So, most Chapter 7 debtors do end up signing a reaffirmation agreement when requested by their lender, and most attorneys will likely support that decision, as long as it does not appear to impose an undue hardship on the debtor to make the monthly loan payments..

The New Debtor's Prisons: How Debt Can Result In Jail

Wed, 21 Jul 2010 11:06:02 -0500

I wrote a blog last year entitled “New Check Fraud from Cash Advance Scam.” The basics of the scam are: A debt collector will identify themselves as an investigator investigating the debtors for check fraud arising from a payday loan. The collectors threaten jail unless the debt is paid. In the blog, I wrote that the statements are false as there are no criminal charges for simply not paying debt; debtor’s prison was abolished in the United States in the 19th century. Well, while that is all true, there is a sad trend that debt has a key to the jail’s back door.

Should I Sign A Reaffirmation Agreement On My Mortgage After Filing For Chapter 7?

Wed, 21 Jul 2010 07:39:12 -0500

After filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you or your attorney may receive what’s called a “reaffirmation agreement” from your mortgage lender, likely accompanied by a letter trying to convince you that you should sign it. What that letter is not going to tell you is the most important piece of information – why signing is NOT in your best interest. That is what I am going to explain to you here.

A reaffirmation agreement is basically a brand new legal contract that revives your personal liability on the mortgage note – a liability that will otherwise be wiped out when you receive your discharge in your bankruptcy case. What this means to you is that if sometime down the road, say, 2 or 5 or 10 years from now, you come upon hard times again and can no longer afford to make your mortgage payments, your lender would not only be able to foreclose and take your home, but the mortgage company can also file a lawsuit against you for the deficiency from the foreclosure sale (ie, the difference between what you owe on the mortgage loan and the amount the property sold for at the foreclosure sale). For example, if you owe $200,000 on your mortgage loan, and your home is worth only $150,000 at the time of the foreclosure sale, then if you sign a reaffirmation agreement now, you could legally owe your lender $50,000 even though you no longer own your home. That is a HUGE risk to take for very little reward.

Don't Withdraw That Paycheck And Don't Commingle Your Funds

Wed, 07 Jul 2010 08:52:19 -0500

As a bankruptcy attorney in Southwest Florida, many times I see clients who think it is best to withdraw all their money from their bank accounts before filing. This is an incorrect assumption for a couple reasons: (1) any amounts held in cash must be disclosed; and (2) exemptions may apply to protect those funds while in the bank account.

Consumer Bankruptcies Filings Up 14%

Tue, 06 Jul 2010 07:44:36 -0500

Consumer bankruptcy filings are up approximately 14% since the same time last year. The causes of the filings are obviously the recession, unemployment and the housing crisis (the Big Three). In South West Florida, we know the big three all too well. It is expected that over 1.6 million people will file for bankruptcy protection this year.

I have mixed emotions on this issue. First, I think more people should consider the bankruptcy option. I can say this because I understand the bankruptcy process and the benefits it offers. Likewise, I have an open-mind to bankruptcy. I see many people who say that bankruptcy is the worst thing a person can do, and unfortunately, that is not true. Bankruptcy is usually not the worst option.

Are We Heading Into a Double Dip Recession?

Tue, 29 Jun 2010 16:39:08 -0500

Are we in Southwest Florida heading into a "Double Dip Recession" ? If you are an avid reader of this blog, and I know there are many of you because of the feedback I receive, you know that I believe we are no where close to the end of this recession/depression. I honestly do not believe that we are being given all of the information that we need to have a proper debate on the economy.

Maybe our elected officials are sparing us more bad news??? I don' t know. But, on the other hand, when you call the U.S. a democracy, and the definition of the words means: Rule By The People. I begin to get concerned when the people are mis-informed and ill-informed.

Can I Save Money During Bankruptcy?

Tue, 29 Jun 2010 07:55:03 -0500

As a consumer bankruptcy attorney, I am often asked: Can I save any money during my bankruptcy? Well, if you filed a Chapter 7 case, this really isn't an issue. If you filed a Chapter 13 plan of reorganization, you will probably be in the bankruptcy for three to five years. The simple answer is: No, you aren’t supposed to save money; however, that is not realistic. In a chapter 13 bankruptcy, a debtor must pay to the bankruptcy trustee all of his disposable income for 3 to 5 years. Continued reasonable 401K contributions are considered an acceptable expense, but most other forms of saving money is prohibited.

Fannie Mae Will Pursue Deficiency Judgments Against Homeowners

Fri, 25 Jun 2010 07:40:11 -0500

Well, according to a recent ABA Journal article, it appears Fannie Mae is going to pursue deficiency judgments against borrowers who walk away from loan obligations without good reason.

A deficiency judgment is a judgment following a foreclosure sale for the difference between the property’s value at the time of the foreclosure sale and the balance owed on the loan obligation. Once the deficiency judgment is obtained, the creditor may be able to garnish wages, seize assets, and take any other action allowed by law. Apparently Fannie Mae will be instructing its servicers to recommend which homeowners should be pursued for deficiencies.

The first question I had when I read this article is what criteria will be used to determine whether a reason for the walk away was a “good reason.” It appears that the Fannie Mae’s goal is to stop people who have the ability and means to pay their mortgages from walking away merely because the property is no longer an economically appealing investment. But with the management of the loans I have seen by the servicers in my clients’ cases I have little doubt that implementation of this program will affect people not intended.

Carmen Dellutri on American Bankruptcy Institute Panel

Fri, 26 Mar 2010 07:47:04 -0500

On Wednesday, March 24, 2010, Carmen Dellutri was asked to sit on a panel put together by the American Bankruptcy Institute with several bankruptcy experts and discuss the Supreme Court's Espinosa opinion. The Espinosa case dealt with the discharge of student loans in bankruptcy.

The panelists were led in a very lively discussion of the opinion written by Justice Thomas.

Co-Signing Your Way To A 1099C

Sat, 13 Mar 2010 06:42:00 -0500

Practicing Consumer Bankruptcy Law is very interesting work. Usually, I get to tell bankruptcy clients good news. Sometimes, I have to deliver bad news about their bankruptcy cases. In a recent case, a young man purchased his first home several years ago, and naturally, the value of the home has dropped significantly. He tried modification and was turned down flat (The mortgage is held by a securitized trust). That wasn't the bad part.

The bad part, as you can tell from the title is that he had his Grandfather co-sign for the loan. So, during the course of the bankruptcy when this young man couldn't get the lender to modify, he asked me: Can I short sale the property, and if so, what will happen to me, and what will happen to my Grandfather? These are both excellent questions.

Here is my advice: Yes, as an option, you can do a short sale. Of course, since you are in a Chapter 13, we will need the Judge's permission, and I will have to file a motion with the Court to allow same, but that is not a problem. I don't believe that the Judge will require any additional items from you other than a signed contract. With regard to the deficiency and you, the answer is simple, your debt will be included in the bankruptcy and you will ultimately receive your discharge, so, no problem.

The problem is: How will a short sale on your primary residence hurt you or hurt your grandfather? As to your grandfather, we have to look at a whole new set of issues. Since this property is not his primary residence, any deficiency that is still owed to the lender will have to be dealt with. This can come in two forms: First, they can pursue him for a deficiency balance. In other words, they can sue him for the remaining balance owed on the promissory note. As I have explained in the past, it's kind of like having two fish on a hook and one gets away. The lender still has one fish to reel in (Grandpa)

Filing for Bankruptcy - These Things Are OK

Thu, 25 Feb 2010 17:43:01 -0500

Bankruptcy is filled with land-mines. Therefore, if you are thinking about filing for Bankruptcy, you must be careful. We previously listed this a list of Bankruptcy Don'ts. Here is a list of Bankruptcy Do's that we give to our clients.

· Do take the bankruptcy court seriously, and avoid making any financial decisions that may make your creditors suspect you of filing in bad faith.

· Do seek bankruptcy court counsel before you file any papers, and learn your rights and options under the United States bankruptcy code.

· Do maintain timely payments on any collateralized loans that you wish to keep the collateral for. In other words, if you have a mortgage or car payment and you intend to keep the house or car, you must remain current on the payment. (Please alert us if you are not current on a collateralized loan at the time we are preparing your case for filing.)

· Do file your tax returns. Even if you know that you owe the IRS a lot of money, it is still important to file your taxes in a timely fashion. Not filing will only exacerbate the problem.

· Do reduce the amount of future income tax refunds. Refunds are routinely taken in Chapter 7 cases, and may affect plan payments in Chapter 13. If you expect to get an income tax refund , reduce your withholding so that you do not get a refund . If much of the refund id from the Earned Income Tax Credit, apply to get that available at www.irs.gov/pub.irs-fill/fw5.pdf or through your employer. For more information, see the IRS web page. Caution: Do not reduce the withholding for tax so much that you will have a big tax bill to pay.

· Do be honest and forthcoming on your bankruptcy petition. Even if it is embarrassing, it is important that your attorney knows. Any creditors not listed on your petition may not be discharged.

· Do keep our office up to date with your contact information. Mailing address, phone and email.

· Do consider increasing your 401K contribution if you have excess income and you are filing a Chapter 13.

Filing for Bankruptcy - Don't Do These Things

Thu, 25 Feb 2010 17:32:58 -0500

If you are going to file for Bankruptcy or are thinking of filing for bankruptcy, you have to be careful because you don't want to take any action which may come back to bite you in the end. Here is a list of Bankruptcy Don'ts that we give to our clients.

· Don’t pay your relatives or friends in favor of your other creditors, and don’t try to transfer property out of your name and into theirs. If you do, the bankruptcy trustee may sue them on behalf of your creditors to get the money back.

· Don’t transfer any property to a relative within one year of filing your case. The Trustee may even go back five (5) years from filing the case if the transfer was for a fraudulent purpose such as avoiding paying your creditors.

· Don’t take a loan against your real estate in an effort to reduce the equity. You can often file a bankruptcy and not lose this valuable asset. If you take out a second mortgage to pay a credit card debt, you may be putting your house at risk.

· Don’t pay ahead or pay off balances early on secured loans (loans for which there is collateral).

· Don’t pay ahead or pay off balances early on unsecured loans (personal loans, medical bills, credit cards or store cards, etc.).

· Don’t attempt to sell your property for less than what it’s worth. This will not reduce the amount you eventually have to repay – and you or whoever you sold it to may end up stuck with the difference.

· Don’t run up your credit card debt prior to filing a bankruptcy. The court may view this as an attempt to exploit the bankruptcy system, and the judge may treat it accordingly.

· Don’t buy any luxury items prior to filing for bankruptcy. Any luxury items purchased within 70 days of filing for bankruptcy are viewed as non-dischargeable debt.

· Don’t take any major cash advances off of credit cards prior to filing for bankruptcy. The court may suspect that you are acting in bad faith and may refuse to discharge the debt.

· Don’t borrow, withdraw from or cash out your 401K, IRA, or ERISA qualified savings and retirement plans to pay bills. If you do, you may be liable for penalties and taxes that are not protected by the bankruptcy filing. If you don’t use these funds, you are very likely to have them to draw on after bankruptcy.

· Don’t file if you are about to receive a tax refund or inheritance. Discuss the timing with your attorney.

· Don’t transfer money in to your kid’s bank accounts. They have you as a co-signer and are subject to the same review as your bank accounts.

· Don’t get married just before filing if your spouse has high income.

· Don’t misrepresent facts to your attorney we are working to help you.

· Don’t wait until after filing to purchase a vehicle, if you know you will need a more dependable car please take care of that before filing your case. Each case is different if you need to do this please contact the attorney first.

· Don’t assume that the bankruptcy will get rid of all your debts. Some tax liabilities are non-dischargeable (basically, all tax liability accrued in the three tax years prior to filing are non-dischargeable in most circumstances). Student loans are now non-dischargeable except in cases of extreme hardship.

· Don’t tell your attorney that certain items of personal property do not belong to you if they really do belong to you.

· Don’t expect your Attorney to help you defraud the Bankruptcy Court and your creditors, it won’t happen.

· Don’t lie you will be signing the bankruptcy papers under penalty of perjury.

Bankruptcy Can Cure Real Estate Sickness

Wed, 17 Feb 2010 07:54:24 -0500

As a Consumer Bankruptcy Attorney, I hear and read about what is going on with consumers who are on the front lines of economic issues. The latest twist on the Foreclosure Crisis is that inventory is hurting the real estate market. I don't know about your neck of the woods, but right here in Southwest Florida our real estate market has taken a beating. As a homeowner, I'm not too happy with the drop in prices, but I am more concerned about others who are facing multiple issues. For example, it is estimated that over 7 million homes in the United States are in trouble.

Double Standards in Bankruptcy

Tue, 09 Feb 2010 05:48:23 -0500

I was really bothered by something that I heard on the news last night, and this morning I couldn't help but voice my opinion on Bankruptcy Law Network. I know that I shouldn't listen to the news before bed, but I heard the talking head make a comment about why people file for bankruptcy and why businesses file. The joker said that when a business files for bankruptcy, it is done for one reason, and that is because it is in the best interests of the business. When an individual files for bankruptcy protection, it is because they have made bad decisions. Nothing could be further from the truth in my opinion.

So, I wrote a blog this morning titled: Bankruptcy Double Standard ? : Businesses and Individuals

Taxes And Credit Cards

Sat, 09 Jan 2010 11:06:07 -0500

In Florida, we pay our property taxes at the end of the year. On April 15, our federal income taxes for the previous year are due. So, within a 4 to 6 month period we may be hit with property and income taxes. In the last few years, there has been a push by the credit card companies, like Visa, American Express, Mastercard and Discover to allow you to pay your taxes with a credit card.

Don't be fooled they are not doing it because they like you. They are doing it to protect themselves. When the Bankruptcy Laws were changed in 2005, Congress added to the list on non-dischargeable debts. A non-dischargeable debt survives the bankruptcy and is still and owing after the bankruptcy discharge arrives in your mailbox. So, what did our wonderful politicians stick us with this time. Well, Congress expanded credit cards protection. While a separate statute provided the credit card companies protection when people pay income taxes and then file bankruptcy, Congress extended this protection to state and local taxes that are paid with credit cards.